Friday, April 24, 2009

SQL Server Date Time Format




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Most of the developers expect that sql server date time format will behave like VB or .net but the reality is different. The only way to translate a DateTime into a specific format is to convert it to a VARCHAR or other "string" data type. This means that it is no longer a DateTime. It is a VARCHAR. For front end presentation it will be required to format the DateTime whatever circumstances. Kalen Delaney's provide us a solution. Here i want to discuss the most common aspects of formatting Sql Server DateTime. Before using enlisted styles to format the DateTime why not we try to dvelop a custom method for common "dd/MM/yyyy" format.

For DATETIME built in function you can visit this link.

The below sql will give you the most common format:

SELECT RIGHT('0' + RTRIM(DAY(GETDATE())),2) + '/' + RIGHT('0' + RTRIM(MONTH(GETDATE())),2) + '/' + RTRIM(YEAR(GETDATE()))

FORMAT: 25/04/2009

In the above example DAY,MONTH,YEAR return you the day no, month no & year respectively. RIGHT method is used to keep the fixed 2 length string & RTRIM is used to merge the numeric value with string "/".

It looks hard. We have a easy way which i want to share with you.

To do that we will use CONVERT function in the following way:

CONVERT ( data_type [ ( length ) ] , expression [ , style ] )

Where data_type will be varchar or char, length will be the total length of your expected format, expression will be any valid sql server expression & style will denote the output format.

The list of available styles are given below:

StyleFormatExample
1MM/dd/yy04/25/09
2yy.MM.dd09.04.25
3dd/MM/yy25/04/09
4dd.MM.yy25.04.09
5dd-MM-yy25-04-09
6dd MMM yy25 Apr 09
7MMM dd, yyApr 25, 09
10MM-dd-yy04-25-09
11yy/MM/dd09/04/25
12yyMMdd090425
100 or 0MMM dd yyyy hh:miAM (or PM)Apr 25 2009 1:10PM
101MM/dd/yyyy04/25/2009
102yyyy.MM.dd2009.04.25
103dd/MM/yyyy25/04/2009
104dd.MM.yyyy25.04.2009
105dd-MM-yyyy25-04-2009
106dd MMM yyyy25 Apr 2009
107MMM dd, yyyyApr 25, 2009
108hh:mm:ss13:12:22
109 or 9MMM dd yyyy hh:mi:ss:mmmAM (or PM)Apr 25 2009 1:12:40:263PM
110MM-dd-yyyy04-25-2009
111yyyy/MM/dd2009/04/25
112yyyyMMdd20090425
113 or 13dd MMM yyyy hh:mm:ss:mmm(24h)25 Apr 2009 13:13:30:983
114hh:mi:ss:mmm(24h)13:13:42:200

Ok now you know the style value and its corresponding format. Now i want to show you how we can use this style or format in sql server query statement. You can also use this format from asp.net C# application when you built a query string. You can also use those formats in your where clause as conditional purposes.

QueryOutput
SELECT CONVERT(VARCHAR, getdate(), 1)04/25/09
SELECT CONVERT(VARCHAR, getdate(), 10)04-25-09
SELECT CONVERT(VARCHAR, getdate(), 100)Apr 25 2009 1:25PM
SELECT CONVERT(VARCHAR, getdate(), 114)13:25:48:153

The above all formats may does not satisfy your condition. So you have to create a custom statement like my first example.

To read more:
http://www.databasejournal.com/features/mssql/article.php/10894_2197931_1/Working-with-SQL-Server-DateTime-Variables-Part-Two---Displaying-Dates-and-Times-in-Different-Formats.htm

3 comments:

Kartheek ch said...

How to get day name (like Saturday/Sunday) from date format MM/DD/YYYY

Saion Roy said...

HI Kartheek,
To get the date name please read my another post:

http://shawpnendu.blogspot.com/2009/05/datepart-dateadd-datediff-sql-server.html

Let me know if your problem does not resolved.

Memtech said...

This is best one article so far I have read online. I would like to appreciate you for making it very simple and easy. I have found another nice post related to this post over the internet which also explained very well. For more details you may check it by visiting this url.

http://mindstick.com/Articles/b08c8553-60a2-4f35-a58f-60c538c7d136/?%E2%80%98SELECT%E2%80%99%20Command%20with%20Date%20Method

Its also helped me lot to complete my task.
Thanks

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